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Ocean cruises became a holiday product accessible to a much wider and heterogeneous market, particularly in Britain. During the period between the two world wars, the socio-economic characteristics of cruise passengers changed significantly. The diffuse and widespread idea that in the past cruses were an exclusive privilege of the elite classes is open to question. It demonstrates that cruise activity evolved in a very different way to the tourism phenomenon in general. The paper reveals the high level of dependency that ocean cruises had on transatlantic shipping line services and migration traffic. During the inter-war period and particularly after the 1920s, the number of cruises offered grew exponentially. Before the First World War, leisure cruises constituted a sporadic activity. The chronological structure of the paper highlights the important changes that took place throughout the period of study. Analysis is carried out using mainly archival and newspaper sources.

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The Commentaries originated as a series of lectures Blackstone delivered at Oxford University. William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England was the first legal treatise to comprehensively describe the common law as it existed in England in the mid-eighteenth century. It focuses on inbound cruise traffic to Spain as well as major outbound national markets, particularly the United Kingdom. in the Creighton Law Library Venteicher Rare Book Room Collection. This article analyses the evolution of ocean cruises in the first third of the twentieth century. This crucial archival finding therefore implicitly demonstrates a vital lost part of women's workplace progress towards equality a 20-year hiccup in their entry to non-domestic work on ship. Women typists moved on from working in the Cunard headquarters in Liverpool to sailing full-time on the prestigious and huge new liners such as Berengaria, Aquitania and Mauretania. The significance of the women's presence is that it indicates that women had a growing role at sea that was then arrested they were working in two of the four departments of a ship, and not just in the traditional and degraded domestic sphere: as stewardesses in the stewarding department. They stopped abruptly in Spring 1931 and were replaced by a new category of worker: male 'clerks'. This 'Allocation of Purser's Staff record for the 1920s reveals that women were typing at sea in large numbers, from 1924 to 1930s.

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November, 29-40 This article focuses on a highly significant newly deposited ledger in the Cunard Shipping Line archive at the University of Liverpool.

Business Archives,Sources and History, 76.

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